Stem cell research updates from EU-funded projects

Research spotlights

Scientific research papers, summarized for non-scientists.

Mesoangioblasts can be derived from reprogrammed cells and may be an effective future treatment for muscular dystrophies

Summary 

A recent study has shown that muscle stem cells called mesoangioblasts can be grown in the laboratory from induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS cells). Scientists think that mesoangioblasts transplants may be an effective treatment for muscular dystrophy but currently these cells have to be taken from donor who is a tissue ‘match’ for the patient, which is relatively rare.As IPS cells are grown in the lab from a patient’s own muscle cells this could potentially overcome the problem of having to find a ‘matched’ donor.

Clinical trial shows combination therapy of nitric oxide delivery and an anti-inflammatory drug are safe for long-term treatment of adults with muscular dystrophy

Summary

Muscular dystrophies cause muscle breakdown, weakness, and can lead to paralysis and death. The only current treatment that is effective is corticosteroids, shown to increase muscle strength. However, we do not know if it is effective in the long term, and there are side effects that limit its use. A combination of an anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, and a nitric oxide delivery drug, isosorbide dinitrate, have been shown in mice to improve muscle health.

Using nitric oxide to sustain muscle regeneration

Summary

Adult muscle is maintained by a type of stem cell found in the muscle called a satellite cell. These satellite cells multiply and activate during normal muscle growth, and also when muscle is injured. This allows muscle to regenerate. Normally, satellite cells are able to renew themselves, but in muscular dystrophy repeated muscle damage occurs and the satellite cell supplies can run out. Recent research led by Emilio Clementi (from San Raffaele Scientific Institute and University of Milan in Italy) has shown that nitric oxide, a key molecule involved in cell signalling, can help maintain this supply of satellite cells.